How to measure Quadriceps Tendon Malalignment on CT scans

Описание: Quadriceps alignment is related to patella maltracking and instability.
This is a 6 minute video explaining how to measure the rotational alignment of the quadriceps tendon on a CT scan. This technique is described in a series of recent publications which show that the alignment of the quadriceps muscle is highly variable in both the normal population and in patients awaiting knee replacement. We also showed that a lateralised quadriceps tendon was closely associated with the development of lateral patella osteoarthritis, suggesting that a lateralised (or externally rotated) quadriceps is likely to be a cause of patella maltracking. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37989...
A followup paper showed that patients with a lateralised quads tendon had poorer results from knee replacement, but that this can be avoided by externally rotating the femoral component based on the degree of quadriceps malalignment. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39666...
This video is aimed at orthropaedic surgeons, engineers and radiologists who may need to measure the quadriceps tendon alignment for themselves. This can be to determine patients at risk of poor outcomes after knee replacement due to patellofemoral imbalance.