java throwable vs exception

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in java, error handling is primarily done through exceptions. the `throwable` class is the superclass of all errors and exceptions in java. understanding the distinction between `throwable` and `exception` is crucial for effective error handling in your java applications.

1. overview of throwable and exception

**throwable**: this is the superclass for all errors and exceptions in java. it has two main subclasses:
**error**: indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch. examples include `outofmemoryerror` and `stackoverflowerror`.
**exception**: indicates conditions that a user program should catch. it is further divided into checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions.

**exception**: this is a subclass of `throwable`. exceptions can be either:
**checked exceptions**: these must be either caught or declared in the method signature. examples include `ioexception`, `sqlexception`, etc.
**unchecked exceptions**: these are subclasses of `runtimeexception` and do not need to be declared or caught. examples include `nullpointerexception`, `arrayindexoutofboundsexception`, etc.

2. key differences

**purpose**: `throwable` is the base class for all errors and exceptions, while `exception` specifically represents conditions that a program can catch and handle.
**handling**: generally, you handle `exception` instances in your code, while `error` instances are usually not caught.
**checked vs unchecked**: `exception` can be checked or unchecked, while `throwable` encompasses both.

3. example code

here’s an example demonstrating the use of `throwable` and `exception` in a java program.



4. explanation of the code

1. **checked exception**: the method `checkedexceptionexample` throws a checked exception. in the `main` method, we handle this exception using a try-catch block.

2. **unchecked exception**: the method `uncheckedexceptionexample` throws a runtime exception. this is also handled ...

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