Class 9 Science Biology Chapter Cell-The fundamental unit of life Topic Golgi apparatus

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Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is an important cell organelle present in almost all eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells). It was discovered by an Italian scientist Camillo Golgi in 1898, and that is why it is named after him.

It looks like a stack (pile) of flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae, placed one above the other. These cisternae are usually arranged in a parallel manner. They are not scattered but located close to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) because their functions are closely connected.


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Structure of Golgi Apparatus

It consists of cisternae (flattened membranes stacked like plates).

Each cisternae has two faces:

Cis face → The receiving side (faces the endoplasmic reticulum).

Trans face → The shipping side (faces the plasma membrane).


Small vesicles (tiny bubbles made of membrane) are present around the Golgi body. These vesicles carry materials to and from the Golgi apparatus.



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Functions of Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is often called the “post office” or “packaging and dispatching unit of the cell” because it collects, modifies, and sends materials to different parts of the cell.

1. Packaging and Secretion

The Golgi body receives proteins and lipids (fats) from the endoplasmic reticulum.

It modifies them (makes them suitable for use) and packs them into vesicles.

These vesicles then move to different locations inside the cell or are secreted outside the cell.



2. Formation of Lysosomes

The Golgi apparatus makes lysosomes, also called “suicidal bags of the cell.”

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that help in breaking down waste, old cell parts, and foreign materials.



3. Transport of Materials

It helps in transporting materials like enzymes, hormones, and other substances.

For example, in gland cells, the Golgi apparatus helps in the secretion of hormones.



4. Modification of Substances

The Golgi body modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates to form glycoproteins and lipids to form glycolipids.



5. Formation of Cell Plate (in Plants)

During cell division in plant cells, the Golgi apparatus helps in forming the cell plate, which later becomes the middle lamella (a layer between two plant cells).



6. Other Functions

Helps in the formation of cell wall materials in plants.

Plays a role in repairing the plasma membrane when it gets damaged.





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Importance of Golgi Apparatus

Without the Golgi body, the cell cannot properly process, pack, or transport materials. It ensures that all proteins, enzymes, and hormones reach the correct place. That’s why it is essential for cell survival and functioning.


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✅ In short:
The Golgi apparatus is like a packaging and delivery system of the cell. It receives proteins and lipids from the ER, processes them, packs them into vesicles, and sends them to the correct destinations. It also makes lysosomes and plays an important role in secretion, transport, and cell wall formation in plants.


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📘 Class 9 Science | Biology | Chapter: Cell - The Fundamental Unit of Life
🎯 Topic: Golgi Apparatus

In this video, we explain the Golgi Apparatus in a simple and detailed way.
You will learn:
✔️ Structure of Golgi Apparatus
✔️ Cisternae, Vesicles, Cis face & Trans face
✔️ Functions (Packaging, Secretion, Lysosome formation, Cell wall formation in plants)
✔️ Neat Labelled Diagram (easy to draw for exams)

🧾 Golgi Apparatus = The "Post Office of the Cell"
It collects, modifies, packs, and transports proteins & lipids received from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

✨ Watch till the end to understand the concept with a clear diagram.

📚 Perfect for:
Class 9 NCERT Science students
Exam preparation (Board & School exams)
Quick revision before tests

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