Prodrugs | Initially Inactive Drugs convert into Active Drugs.

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A prodrug can be defined as a drug substance that is inactive in the intended pharmacological actions and is must to be converted into the pharmacologically active agent by metabolic or physico-chemical transformation. Prodrugs can exist naturally such as many phytochemicals/botanical constituents and endogenous substances, or they can result from synthetic or semisynthetic processes – produced intentionally as part of a rational drug design or unintentionally during drug development. Examples of prodrugs that exist naturally or were produced unintentionally during drug development include aspirin, psilocybin, parathion, irinotecan, codeine, heroin, L-dopa, and various antiviral nucleosides. Examples of products resulting from pharmaceutical processes as part of strategically targeted drug design include sulfasalazine, oseltamivir, various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, diclofenac), statins (lovastatin, simastatin), ACE inhibitors (captopril, lisinopril) and penicillin-related agents (bacampicillin, sarmoxicillin).

Levodopa- Unlike dopamine, levodopa can cross the blood-brain barrier. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in both the periphery and CNS.
Levodopa is given with a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g. benserazide, carbidopa) to block the peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine (this allows a lower dose of levodopa to be administered and reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting) and increase the amount of levodopa that reaches the brain for conversion to dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.

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