WURTZ REACTION - ONE SHOT REVISION in 15 Min. | Hydrocarbon | NEET | JEE

Описание: Understanding the Wurtz Reaction

Introduction
The Wurtz reaction is a fundamental coupling reaction in organic chemistry used to create higher alkanes (alkane chains with more carbon atoms).

It is primarily used to join two identical alkyl groups together to form a larger, symmetric hydrocarbon chain.

The Process
In this reaction, two molecules of an alkyl halide are treated with sodium metal.

This process must take place in a dry ether solvent to prevent the sodium from reacting with moisture.

Coupling: Two alkyl groups are joined together, forming a new carbon-carbon bond.

Sodium and Dry Ether: The reaction requires sodium metal and a dry ether medium.

Product: The result is a higher, typically symmetrical, alkane.

Byproduct: Sodium halide salts are produced.

Key Points to Note
Doubling Effect: The number of carbon atoms in the resulting alkane is usually double the number of carbon atoms in the starting alkyl halide.

Limitation: The Wurtz reaction is most efficient for producing symmetrical alkanes.

Cannot Produce Methane: It cannot be used to produce methane, as the minimum product is ethane.

Mechanism
The reaction mechanism involves a free radical process, or a metal-halogen exchange, where sodium metal acts as a reducing agent, providing electrons to break the bond between the alkyl group and the halogen.

Example
When methyl bromide is treated with sodium in dry ether, it produces ethane.

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