Korean War (1950-1953)

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Korean War

The Korean War was a war fought between North Korea and South Korea from 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United Nations, principally the United States. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.

Korean War – Timeline

June 25, 1950 - North Korea launches a full-scale invasion of South Korea

June 28, 1950 - Seoul falls and South Korea verges on complete collapse

June 25, 1950 - The UN demands that North Korea withdraw its forces from South Korea

June 27, 1950 - The UN calls on member states to provide military assistance to South Korea; subsequently during the war, a combined total of some 370,000 foreign troops from 16 UN countries fight on the side of South Korea, with 90% provided by the United States

July 7, 1950, The UN merges all member units into the United Nations Command (UNC) under General Douglas MacArthur

July 1950 - The first UN forces arrive and fight delaying battles against the numerically superior North Korean forces; by then, the remaining South Korean Army has been pushed to the southern edge of the Korean Peninsula and face the danger of being annihilated or driven to the sea.

August 1950 - UN forces establish the 140-mile long defensive Pusan Perimeter, with large numbers of troops and war materials arriving daily at Pusan

August to September 1950 - UN forces repel repeated attacks by the North Koreans, which soon experience supply problems, as U.S. planes attack North Korean road networks, weapons depots, oil refineries, and military facilities

September 15, 1950 - UN forces make amphibious landings in Inchon, which deal a huge psychological blow to the North Koreans

September 23, 1950 - UN forces at the Pusan Perimeter break out and soon link up with forces from the Inchon landings; Seoul and all pre-war South Korean territory are retaken

October 9, 1950 - UN forces cross the 38th parallel into North Korea and soon capture Pyongyang

October 24, 1950 - UN forces launch the “Thanksgiving Offensive” and rapidly advance to the China-North Korea border at the Yalu River

On October 25, 1950 – Chinese forces, which have secretly deployed into North Korea, attack with overwhelming numbers, forcing UN forces to retreat south of the Chongchon River

November 24, 1950 - UN forces launch the “Home-by-Christmas” Offensive

November 25, 1950 - In the Battle of Chongchon River, a Chinese counter-attack beat back the UN forces, prompting the latter into a general retreat from North Korea

December 15, 1950 - UN forces cross south of the 38th parallel; in the eastern sector of the “Home-by-Christmas” Offensive, a strong Chinese counter-attack force the retreat of UN forces at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir

December 10 - 24, 1950 - UN forces in the eastern sector make a naval evacuation in Hungnam

Late December 1950 – Chinese and North Korean forces cross the 38th parallel into South Korea

January 4, 1951 - Seoul falls to Chinese and North Korean armies, with UN forces retreating 50 miles south of the 38th parallel

Mid-January to mid-March 1951 - UN forces launch limited counter-offensives that gradually push back the Chinese and North Koreans

March 15, 1951 - UN forces recapture Seoul, marking the last time the capital changes hands


Early April 1951 - With General MacArthur’s approval, UN forces cross the 38th parallel and advance 10 miles into North Korea

April 11, 1951 - President Truman relieves General MacArthur of his command

April and May 1951 - Chinese and North Korean forces launch major offensives that are eventually repelled by strong UN resistance and relentless U.S. artillery and air counterattacks

Late May to early June 1951 - UN forces launch limited offensives from positions north of the 38th parallel

July 10, 1951 - Under mediation efforts by the Soviet Union, the UN, United States, and South Korea on the one hand, and China and North Korea on the other hand, open armistice talks in Kaesong, which are soon moved in Panmunjom

July 27, 1953 - The Korean Armistice Agreement is signed, which ends the fighting; as no peace treaty has ever been signed, a state of war technically continues to exist between North Korea and South Korea