(Fig 2-A.01) Surgical Anatomy of ACL and Associated Ridges

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★ Surgical anatomical structures related to the ACL ★
1️⃣ Lateral Intercondylar Ridge:
This structure is found anterior to the ACL femoral footprint, with an average length of 18.0 mm.
It stretches from the femoral articular cartilage margin to the roof of the intercondylar notch.
2️⃣ Lateral Bifurcate Ridge:
Situated between the AM (anteromedial) and PL (posterolateral) bundles of the ACL, this ridge runs relatively perpendicular to the lateral intercondylar ridge.
It extends from the lateral intercondylar ridge to the posterior articular cartilage margin, with an average length of 11.6 mm.
It separates the AM and PL bundles at their femoral attachments, aligning superior to inferior in a knee flexed at approximately 90°, which translates to an anterior-to-posterior direction when the knee is extended.


★ ACL ★
A normal ACL presents a striated appearance and runs parallel to Blumensaat’s line, which marks the roof of the intercondylar notch.
The ACL attaches on the inner (medial) side of the posterolateral femoral condyle.
In an extended knee position, the AM bundle fibers originate anteriorly and proximally, while the PL bundle comes from the posterolateral side. On sagittal images, the two bundles of the ACL are not distinctly separable, with the anterior margin possibly appearing darker and thicker, indicative of the AMB (anteromedial bundle).
The PL bundle may display higher signal intensity compared to the AM bundle.


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