क्या समानता एक सपना है? Equality Class 11 Political Science | 5 मिनट चैप्टर क्लियर

Описание: Do you think that the 50 most rich people in the world have an income that is greater than the combined incomes of 40 crore poorest people in the world?

Do you know that in Nigeria one out of 18 women die in childbirth whereas in a country like Canada only one woman out of 8700 die in childbirth?

These are examples of lack of equality that exist in the world.

Yet Equality is a Fundamental Human Right.


There are three types of equality

Economic – the gap/ lack of gap between the rich and the poor. Also how many people live below the poverty line.
Economic Equality happens when everyone gets the maximum opportunities to improve their financial status and fulfil their dreams.

Political Equality : when all have the right to vote and when all have the same rights in a country.
Social Equality : When all have access to the same opportunities and social acceptance irrespective of caste, creed and religion.


However inequality is a fundamental human condition. It exists everywhere. Political scientists feel that it happens because of Patriarchal way of thinking. According to this, human beings are unequal due to their condition and their qualities. It holds that women and people with special abilities have a lower position in society because they are less able.

Various movements like Marxism, Socialism, feminism have challenged this view.

Liberalism is the new way of thinking: Everyone should have access to equal opportunities so that they can work hard and compete to get the best outcomes for themselves.

Laws are created to grant economic, social and political equality but these need to be enforced. Hence the concept of equity.

Equity means providing opportunities in a differential way till those who are lagging behind can come at par with others.

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