Kerala Renaissance കേരള നവോത്ഥാന ശില്പികൾ

Описание: The sources provide a detailed account of the Architects of the Kerala Renaissance, highlighting their spiritual, social, and political contributions to transforming Kerala's society. These leaders hailed from diverse backgrounds but shared a common goal of eradicating caste-based discrimination and promoting education and equality.
Spiritual and Social Reformers
• Sree Narayana Guru (1856-1928): Known as the Father of Kerala Renaissance, he led the movement by challenging caste restrictions through temple consecrations, such as the famous Aruvipuram consecration in 1888. He founded the SNDP (1903) and the Sree Narayana Dharma Sangham (1928). His literary works, including Atmopadesa Sathakam and Daivadasakam, were pivotal in spreading his message of unity.
• Vaikunda Swamigal (1809-1851): Regarded as the first social reformer in Kerala, he established the Samathwa Samajam in 1836 and founded the Ayya Vazi religion. He was a pioneer in advocating for "equal wages for work" and inspired the Melmundu Samaram (the movement for the right to wear upper garments).
• Chattampi Swamikal (1853-1924): An ascetic known as Sarva Vidhyadhiraja, he was unique for being a "Sanyasi who did not wear saffron". His scholarship focused on Advaita philosophy and social critique, as seen in his major work Vedadhikara Nirupanam.
Leaders of the Marginalized
• Ayyankali (1863-1941): Known as the "Pulaya Raja," he founded the Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham in 1907. He was a militant advocate for the rights of the oppressed, leading the Villuvandi Samaram (1893) and the Kallumala Samaram (1915). He was also the first person from the Dalit community to become a member of the Sree Moolam Praja Sabha.
• Poikayil Yohannan (1879-1939): Also known as Kumara Gurudevan, he founded the PRDS (Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha) in 1909. He promoted the idea of a Dravida-Dalit identity that was separate from existing Christian and Hindu structures.
Educational and Community Reformers
• Kuriakose Elias Chavara (1805-1871): Known as the Father of Literacy in Kerala, he established the CMI congregation and introduced the revolutionary system of a "school with every church".
• Dr. Palpu (1863-1950): The first medical degree holder from the Ezhava community, he played a crucial role in establishing the SNDP and advocating for the rights of the Thiyya and Ezhava communities.
• V.T. Bhattathirippad (1896-1982): A key figure in reforming the Brahmin community, he led the Yogakshema Sabha and wrote the famous play Adukkalayil Ninnu Arangathhekku (From the Kitchen to the Stage) to champion the rights of women.
• Mannathu Padmanabhan (1878-1970): The founder of the Nair Service Society (NSS), he was a prominent leader in the Vaikom Satyagraha and the Vimochana Samaram.
Pioneers of Media and Radical Equality
• Vaikom Abdul Khadar Maulavi (1873-1932): The Father of Muslim Renaissance in Kerala, he founded the Swadeshabhimani newspaper and worked extensively for the educational advancement of the Muslim community.
• Sahodaran Ayyappan (1889-1968): Famous for his radical slogan "No Caste, No Religion, No God for Man," he founded the Kerala Sahodara Sangham and pioneered the Misrabhojanam (inter-dining) movement to break caste barriers.
• Kumaran Asan (1873-1924): A major poet and the first secretary of the SNDP, he used literature to call for radical social change, famously exhorting his readers to "Change the rules" (Maattuvin Chattangale).
Political Activists
• K. Kelappan (1889-1971): Known as the Kerala Gandhi, he led the Salt Satyagraha in Kerala and was a key leader in the Vaikom and Guruvayur Satyagrahas.
• A.K. Gopalan (1904-1977): Known as the "Commander of the Poor," he founded the Indian Coffee House and served as the first leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha.
The architects of the Kerala Renaissance were like the many diverse streams that merged to form a powerful river, washing away the silt of social inequality and clearing the path for a modern, enlightened society.

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