The Birth of Civilization (12,000 BC - 2300 BC) | The Human Chronicle (Episode 1)

Описание: For most of human history, humans lived as hunter-gatherers, without cities, kings, borders, or permanent inequality.
The transition to agriculture and the rise of the first cities transformed human society forever.

This documentary examines the origins of civilization, tracing the long and fragile transition from Paleolithic foraging societies to the early agricultural settlements of the Near East. Beginning with the Natufian culture of the Levant and continuing through the irrigated landscapes of Sumer and Mesopotamia, it explores how farming, population growth, and permanent settlement reshaped social organization, health, power, and inequality.

The Birth of Civilization is the first episode of The Human Chronicle, a documentary series on early civilizations, the emergence of the state, written administration, and systems of social control that continue to shape the modern world.


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Sources & References:
Bar-Yosef, O. (1998). The Natufian Culture in the Levant.
Moore, A. M. T., & Hillman, G. C. (1992). The Pleistocene to Holocene Transition and Human Economy.
Nissen, H. J. (1988). The Early History of the Ancient Near East.
Jacobsen, T., & Adams, R. M. (1958). Salt and Silt in Ancient Mesopotamian Agriculture.
Mummert, A., et al. (2011). Stature and Robustness During the Agricultural Transition.
Cohen, M. N., & Armelagos, G. J. (1984). Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture.