Power of Dialogue — Habermas’ Theory | UPSC PSIR Optional

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This lecture explores Jürgen Habermas’ theory of communicative action and his concept of the ideal speech situation, both of which are foundational to deliberative democracy and modern political thought.
Communicative Action: Habermas argues that genuine communication is oriented toward mutual understanding, not strategic manipulation. It relies on rational discourse where participants seek consensus through reason.
Ideal Speech Situation: A normative model where communication is free from coercion, inequality, or distortion. In this situation, all participants have equal opportunity to speak, question, and justify claims, ensuring legitimacy of outcomes.
Applications: Public sphere debates, democratic deliberation, policymaking, and conflict resolution.
Critiques: Idealistic, difficult to achieve in practice, risks ignoring power structures.
You’ll learn:
Core principles of communicative action.
Features of the ideal speech situation.
How Habermas connects communication with democracy.
Case studies: deliberative forums, citizens’ assemblies, and public consultations.
UPSC/PSIR exam tips: how to frame answers with definitions, thinkers, examples, and balanced evaluation.
This lecture includes clear diagrams, real‑world examples, and exam‑ready structures to help you master Habermas for PSIR.

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