Hydration of Aldehydes and Ketones | Geminal Diol Formation and Equilibrium Explained
Автор: Sami Varjosaari
Загружено: 2021-02-13
Просмотров: 757
Описание:
In this video, we explore the addition of water to aldehydes and ketones, a reversible reaction that forms geminal diols (hydrates). While not typically used for synthesis, this reaction plays a critical role in understanding the reactivity of carbonyl compounds, especially under aqueous conditions.
Concepts Covered:
Nucleophilic addition of water to electrophilic carbonyls
Mechanism of hydrate (geminal diol) formation
How equilibrium favors or disfavors hydrate production
Impact of electron-withdrawing vs. electron-donating groups on carbonyl reactivity
Real-world examples: formaldehyde, acetone, trichloromethyl ketones
Learn why the presence of water can drastically change how carbonyls react, and why strongly electrophilic carbonyls tend to form stable hydrates.
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