History of Greeanland | English Story

Описание: this video about the history of Greenland, from prehistory to today.
Prehistory & Indigenous Peoples
c. 2500 BCE – The first humans arrive from Arctic Canada. These early cultures (Independence I & II, Saqqaq, Dorset) survive by hunting seals, whales, and caribou.
c. 1200 CE – The Thule people, ancestors of today’s Inuit, migrate eastward across the Arctic. Their technology (kayaks, dog sleds, harpoons) allows long-term survival.
The Thule culture forms the basis of modern Greenlandic Inuit society.
Norse Settlement (c. 985–1400s)
985 CE – Erik the Red, exiled from Iceland, establishes Norse settlements in southern Greenland and names it Greenland (likely as a promotional tactic).
Two main settlements exist: the Eastern Settlement (near modern Nuuk) and the Western Settlement.
The Norse farm, trade (especially walrus ivory), and convert to Christianity.
By the 1400s, the Norse disappear—likely due to climate cooling (Little Ice Age), economic decline, isolation, and inability to adapt to Inuit lifestyles.
Danish-Norwegian Colonization
1721 – Danish-Norwegian missionary Hans Egede begins modern European colonization, seeking lost Norse Christians.
Greenland becomes a Danish colony, with trade tightly controlled by Denmark.
Inuit society is heavily influenced by Christianity, European goods, and administration.

20th Century: From Colony to Autonomy

1940–1945 – During World War II, the U.S. occupies Greenland to prevent German control.

1953 – Greenland officially becomes part of the Kingdom of Denmark, ending its colonial status.
1979 – Home Rule is established, giving Greenland control over many internal affairs.
2009 – Self-Government Act expands autonomy, including control over natural resources and recognition of Greenlanders as a distinct people under international law.
Modern Greenland
Population: ~56,000 (mostly Inuit)
Capital: Nuuk
Economy: fishing, subsidies from Denmark, tourism, emerging mineral interests
Greenland remains part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but independence is a long-term goal for many Greenlanders.
Climate change is reshaping Greenland’s environment, economy, and global strategic importance.
Key Themes in Greenland’s History
Human adaptation to extreme Arctic conditions
Cultural continuity of Inuit society
Failed European settlement vs. successful Indigenous survival
Gradual shift from colonial rule toward self-determination
Greenland History Timeline
🔹 Prehistory (c. 2500 BCE–1200 CE)
First Arctic peoples migrate from North America.
Cultures include Saqqaq and Dorset, living by hunting marine animals.
They eventually disappear, likely due to climate shifts.
🔹 Inuit (Thule) Migration (c. 1200 CE)
The Thule people arrive from Alaska/Canada.
They use kayaks, dog sleds, and advanced hunting tools.
They are the ancestors of modern Greenlandic Inuit.
🔹 Norse Period (985–1400s)
Erik the Red establishes Viking settlements.
Norse farm sheep and cattle and trade walrus ivory with Europe.
Settlements collapse by the 1400s due to:
Climate cooling (Little Ice Age)
Isolation from Europe
Failure to adapt to Arctic conditions
🔹 Danish Rule (1721–1953)
Denmark-Norway reclaims Greenland.
Missionaries convert Inuit to Christianity.
Denmark controls trade and governance.
Inuit society changes under colonial rule.
🔹 Modern Political Changes
1940s – U.S. occupies Greenland during WWII.
1953 – Greenland becomes part of Denmark (not a colony anymore).
1979 – Home Rule established.
2009 – Self-Government Act gives wide autonomy.
🔹 Today
Population: ~56,000 (mostly Inuit)
Capital: Nuuk
Greenland controls most internal affairs.
Denmark still handles defense and foreign policy.
Independence remains a major political topic.

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