Kalpana One - Space settlement concept by NSS

Описание: https://nss.org/
check out National Space Society.

The idea of a space settlement was maybe first propounded by Everett Hale in his book 'brick moon'. This was later propagated by the space pioneer " Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in 1903 via his book "beyond the planet Earth". Since then the idea has gained traction. Arthur C Clarkes 'RAMA' from rendezvous with rama is another example.

A 2006 study focusing on the feasibility of large structures (habitat based , in space) generated some very interesting conclusions about stability through rotation and calculations about habitable volume per shielding and structural mass. Some shapes like the Stanford Torus or O’Neil Cylinder would tend to develop a critical wobble in simulations that would require constant corrections. A shape like the Bernal Sphere was inherently stable while rotating but offered the least amount of continuous 1G space of all the settlement options. Although the Stanford Torus is probably the most widely used structure in science fiction, it has the least amount of habitable volume per shielding and structural mass.

The result of the 2006 study is a concept referred to as Kalpana One (Globus, Arora, Bajoria, Strout). The design is named for NASA astronaut Kalpana Chawla. She was one of the seven crew members killed in the 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.