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The Trump administration temporarily lifted oil sanctions against Iran on Monday and announced that Tehran had agreed to invite United Nations inspectors back to Iran’s nuclear sites, as it sought to cast the latest U.S.-Iran negotiations as a positive step toward a lasting peace agreement.

Speaking in Switzerland, where the first round of talks ended early Monday, Vice President JD Vance declared the negotiations a “very good foundation” for a final deal. Still, many challenges and thorny issues remain, and some analysts cautioned against being overly optimistic.

The temporary reprieve on oil sanctions and, if confirmed, the return of nuclear inspectors to Iran, echo key parts of a nuclear accord that Iran had struck in 2015 with the Obama administration and five of the world’s most powerful countries. President Trump withdrew the United States from the accord three years later, and derided it as recently as April as “one of the Worst Deals ever.”

The U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and Iranian officials did not immediately publicly respond to Mr. Vance’s comments. Iran has repeatedly insisted that its nuclear program is for civilian purposes.

Iran began limiting inspections of its nuclear facilities after Mr. Trump withdrew from the 2015 deal, and all but ended them last year after some of the sites were hit by U.S. and Israeli attacks.

Mr. Trump had also reimposed sanctions on Iran’s oil industry to cut off Tehran’s economic lifeline. But on Monday, the Treasury Department issued a 60-day license allowing the production, delivery and sale of Iranian oil as part of the preliminary deal that the United States and Iran signed last week.

Qatari and Pakistani mediators said earlier Monday that the initial talks had ended with “encouraging progress” toward a lasting peace.

In his comments, Mr. Vance also described new lines of communication established to de-escalate tensions in the Strait of Hormuz and in Lebanon, where Israel and Hezbollah, the Iran-backed militia, appear to have eased their attacks. Those two issues have complicated the delicate cease-fire between the United States and Iran.

“This is a work in progress,” Mr. Vance said, adding that the new process in Lebanon would help “ensure it doesn’t spiral out of control in the future.”

Here’s what else we are covering:

Frozen assets: Mr. Vance outlined a proposal for potentially unfreezing Iranian assets at a later date, a core demand of Tehran in the negotiations. Iran’s central bank governor said earlier that “necessary memoranda were signed” to initiate the release of assets, according to an interview published by Tasnim, a semiofficial Iranian news agency, but Mr. Vance suggested there was no final agreement on the complex issue.

Strait of Hormuz: The status of the strait was thrown into confusion on Saturday after Iran claimed it was closing the waterway over the fighting in Lebanon. Mr. Vance insisted on Monday that “it is open.”

Nuclear program: The most difficult issue in the U.S.-Iran talks — what to do about Iran’s nuclear program and stockpile of uranium — has been left for later. So far, Iran has only reiterated its longstanding promise not to develop nuclear weapons, and the country’s president, Mr. Pezeshkian, said on Sunday that Iran would “never back down” from its right to enrich uranium.





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