UPSC Sociology Ch10 | Social Change Theories | Evolution, Conflict, Cyclical & Postmodern View

Описание: Welcome to Simplified UPSC by पठति पठत: पठन्ति! In this comprehensive discussion, we'll dive deep into Chapter 10: Social Change in Modern Society, crucial for both UPSC Sociology Optional and GS Paper 1 (Indian Society).

This session systematically covers the core conceptual debates surrounding why and how societies change, examining major theoretical schools from classical evolutionary thinkers (Comte, Spencer, Tonnies) and conflict perspectives (Marx) to cyclical models (Pareto, Sorokin) and contemporary views (Parsons' Functionalism, Postmodernism).

We then critically analyze the modern Development Debate, contrasting traditional materialist views with multidimensional approaches, and explore the radical insights of Dependency Theory and World Systems Theory (Frank, Wallerstein). Finally, we focus on the specific mechanisms, including Ogburn's Cultural Lag (highly relevant to issues like the Digital Divide in India), and the powerful roles of engineered agents like Education and Science & Technology (S&T).

Key discussion areas include the transition from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft, Marx's class struggle, Sorokin's cultural pendulums, Parsons' Pattern Variables, and the influence of S&T on globalization and inequality.

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📝 SUMMARY 📝
This video provides a comprehensive sociological analysis of Chapter 10: Social Change in Modern Society for the UPSC exam. It covers classical theories (Comte, Marx, Spencer, Tonnies), cyclical theories (Pareto, Sorokin), and modern approaches (Parsons' Functionalism and Postmodernism). The discussion critically evaluates the shift in the development debate towards multidimensional definitions and explores Dependency Theory, including Wallerstein's World Systems framework. The session concludes by examining the pace and agents of change, focusing on Cultural Lag (Ogburn), the role of Education (functionalist vs. conflict views), and the powerful, dual impact of Science and Technology (S&T) on social structures and global inequality.

⏰ TIMESTAMPS ⏰
00:00:00 - Introduction to Social Change in Modern Society (Chapter 10)
00:01:46 - The Classical Evolutionary Perspective
00:02:14 - Auguste Comte: Law of Three Stages (Theological, Metaphysical, Positivistic)
00:04:23 - Herbert Spencer: Differentiation and Militaristic to Industrial Societies
00:05:57 - Ferdinand Tonnies: Gemeinschaft vs. Gesellschaft
00:07:44 - The Conflict Perspective: Karl Marx (Dialectical Materialism)
00:09:59 - Cyclical Theories of Change (Pareto & Sorokin)
00:15:27 - Functionalist View: Talcott Parsons (Moving Equilibrium & Pattern Variables)
00:22:55 - The Development Debate: Traditional vs. Multidimensional Definitions
00:25:29 - Dependency Theories (Andre Gunder Frank & Immanuel Wallerstein)
00:31:05 - Critiques of Dependency Theory (Empirical Failure & Internal Factors)
00:42:20 - Mechanisms and Agents of Social Change (Endogenous vs. Exogenous)
00:48:38 - Cultural Lag Theory (William Ogburn) & Digital Divide
00:53:15 - Engineered Agents of Change: Education (Functionalist vs. Conflict View)
00:54:50 - Engineered Agents of Change: Science & Technology (S&T)

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