TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE | NAGARA, DRAVIDA & VESARA STYLE | IMPORTANT FOR SSC MAINS 2025 AND ALL EXAMS

Описание: TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE | NAGARA, DRAVIDA & VESARA STYLE | IMPORTANT FOR SSC MAINS 2025 AND ALL EXAMS | SSC MTS 2025 EXAM , UPSC, CDS, CAPF, State PCS & other competitive exams | PARMAR SIR | PARMAR SSC ‪@parmarssc‬

Chalukyan architecture is an important topic because it introduced a new temple style called the Vesara style.
Vesara architecture is a fusion of Nagara (North Indian) and Dravida (South Indian) temple styles.

Nagara and Dravida are two major styles of temple construction in India.
-Nagara style is found in North India
-Dravida style is found in South India

Both styles share some common features:
-The inner sanctum is called Garbhagriha (Sanctum Sanctorum)
-The pillared hall in front is called Mandapa

A special type of mandapa found in Nagara temples is the Ardha-Mandapa, which serves as an entrance porch.

The main difference between Nagara and Dravida styles lies in the superstructure:
-In Nagara style, the tower is called Shikhara, topped with Amalaka and Kalasha
-In Dravida style, the tower is called Vimana, and the shikhara is built above it

The raised platform on which a temple is built is called Jagati, while the base moulding is known as Adhisthana.
The circumambulatory path around the sanctum is called Pradakshina Patha.

In Odisha, Nagara architecture evolved into Kalinga architecture, where:
-The main tower is called Rekha Deul
-The stepped, pyramidal mandapa is called Pidha Deul
-The mandapa is locally known as Jagamohana

Important examples:
-Jagannath Temple, Puri (built by Anantavarman Chodaganga, Eastern Ganga dynasty)
-Konark Sun Temple (built by Narasimhadeva I, Eastern Ganga dynasty), designed as a chariot with stone wheels functioning as a time-keeping device
-Chalukyas developed the Vesara style by blending Nagara and Dravida features.

Major Chalukyan centres include:
Aihole – known as the Laboratory of Indian Temple Architecture
Badami – famous for rock-cut caves
Pattadakal – UNESCO World Heritage Site

Important temples at Aihole:
-Meguti Jain Temple
-Lad Khan Temple
-Durga Temple (apsidal or Gajapristha plan, originally dedicated to Surya)

The Lad Khan Temple shows Panchayatana style, where one main shrine is surrounded by four subsidiary shrines.

The Durga Temple is not dedicated to Goddess Durga; the name comes from its fort-like (Durg) structure.

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