DT Based Activity on Instruction Execution |DPCO| SNS Institutions

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Instruction execution is the process through which a CPU carries out the commands specified in a program. Each instruction follows a systematic cycle, commonly known as the Instruction Cycle, which includes fetching the instruction from memory, decoding it to understand the required operation, executing the operation using the processor's functional units, and then storing the result. This cycle ensures smooth communication between the CPU and memory, enabling programs to run seamlessly. The execution phase may also involve reading input data, performing arithmetic or logical operations, and accessing or updating memory locations.

During instruction execution, the Control Unit (CU) plays a key role by generating the necessary control signals to direct data flow and operation timing. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs calculations and logical decisions, while registers temporarily store intermediate data and results. Modern processors often use pipelining, where multiple instructions are overlapped in execution to improve performance. This structured execution flow enhances processing speed, supports multitasking, and ensures efficient utilization of system resources.