Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Basics - Part of NTN & 5G Course

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Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) are communication systems that function outside of the earth's surface (unlike cellular/terrestrial networks that function on earth's surface).NTN is an umbrella term for any network that involves non-terrestrial flying objects. The NTN family includes satellite communication networks, high altitude platform systems (HAPS), and air-to-ground networks, as illustrated below.Satellite communication networks utilize spaceborne platforms which include low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites, medium Earth orbiting (MEO) satellites, and geosynchronous Earth orbiting (GEO) satellites. LEO being closest to the earth surface (up to 1500 km) & has the lowest delay (up to14ms) among all NTNs, makes it suitable to interwork with terrestrial networks to deliver smooth connectivity experience to users. Many tests are being conducted on the same. LEO with large satellite constellations are being deployed by companies like Starlink, Kuiper, and Eutelsat.Enabling 5G system to support non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has been one direction under exploration in 3GPP via different releases :-• Release 16 introduced concept of NTN formally• Release 17 introduced the detailed concept of NTN• Release 18 introduced support of non 3GPP access & advanced concepts related to NTNRef - IEEE & 3GPP