Physical Examination 20: Male Genitalia & Groin

Описание: A comprehensive nursing guide on male genitalia assessment, history-taking, and physical examination, including STI screening, testicular cancer awareness, and hernia evaluation.

🟢 Topics Covered:
✔️ Anatomy & Physiology of Male Genitalia
🔹 Penis & Scrotum – Corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, tunica vaginalis
🔹 Testes & Epididymis – Sperm production, storage, transport
🔹 Inguinal & Femoral Canals – Hernia locations & risk assessment
🔹 Lymphatic Drainage – Penis (inguinal nodes), testes (pre-aortic/lumbar nodes)

✔️ Health History & STI Assessment
🔹 Common Symptoms – Discharge, sores, swelling, pain, lumps
🔹 STI Screening – Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, HPV
🔹 Risk Factors – Sexual practices, condom use, prior infections
🔹 HIV Screening – Universal testing recommendation

✔️ Male Genitalia & Groin Physical Examination
🔹 Penis Inspection & Palpation – Retract foreskin (if uncircumcised), check meatus
🔹 Scrotal & Testicular Exam – Size, shape, consistency, nodules, tenderness
🔹 Hernia Assessment – Indirect (internal ring), Direct (external ring), Femoral (below inguinal ligament)
🔹 Scrotal Mass Differentiation – Transillumination test (hydrocele vs. solid mass)

✔️ Testicular Cancer Awareness & TSE (Testicular Self-Exam)
🔹 Most common cancer in young males (20-34 years)
🔹 Risk factors – Cryptorchidism, family history, prior testicular cancer
🔹 No routine USPSTF screening, but patient awareness recommended
🔹 TSE Instructions – After warm bath/shower, check for lumps/swelling

✔️ Groin Hernia Differentiation & Examination
🔹 Indirect Hernia – Through internal inguinal ring, into scrotum
🔹 Direct Hernia – Bulge near external inguinal ring, rarely into scrotum
🔹 Femoral Hernia – Below inguinal ligament, more common in women

✔️ Documentation & Nursing Implications
🔹 Clear charting of normal & abnormal findings
🔹 Patient education on STI prevention, condom use, HPV vaccine
🔹 Importance of sensitive communication & nonjudgmental history-taking