Goings Ralph 歌因·拉爾夫 (1928) Photorealism Super-Realism Hyper-Realism Americans

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Ralph Goings (May 9, 1928 – September 4, 2016) is an American painter closely associated with the Photorealism movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He is best known for his highly detailed paintings of hamburger stands, pick-up trucks, and California banks, portrayed in a deliberately objective manner.
Goings was born to a working-class family in Corning, California and grew up during the Great Depression. He was exposed to art and painting in a freshman high-school art class, and inspired by his discovery of Rembrandt at his local library. His aunt encouraged him to draw, and bought him books and instructional materials. He began painting using paint from the local hardware store, and old bed sheets when canvas was unavailable.
After he served in the military, he enrolled in Hartnell College, in Salinas, California and was approached and encouraged to attend art school by Leon Amyx, who was the head of the art department at Hartnell at that time and a well-known painter. Goings studied art at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland. During his studies at California College of the Arts, he studied along other painters from the Photorealist Movement including Robert Bechtle and Richard Mclean as well as other artists including Nathan Oliveira He received his MFA in painting from Sacramento State College in 1965.
He was inspired by artists such as Wayne Thiebaud, Johannes Vermeer, Thomas Eakins. His interest in Photorealism sparked after being thoroughly disappointed with the quality of the pop art imagery at the time, he felt that if something was to represent an object then why not make it resemble a photograph as closely as possible.
Goings helped to define the Photorealist Movement along with Robert Bechtle, Robert Cottingham, Audrey Flack, Don Eddy, and Richard Estes.
"In 1963 I wanted to start painting again but I decided I wasn't going to do abstract pictures". It occurred to me that I should go as far to the opposite as I could. ... It occurred to me that projecting and tracing the photograph instead of copying it freehand would be even more shocking. To copy a photograph literally was considered a bad thing to do. It went against all of my art school training... some people were upset by what I was doing and said 'it's not art, it can't possibly be art'. That gave me encouragement in a perverse way, because I was delighted to be doing something that was really upsetting people... I was having a hell of a lot of fun..." (edited quote from Realists at Work)
拉爾夫·歌因 Ralph Goings（1928年5月9日-2016年9月4日）是一位美國畫家，他與1960年代末和70年代初的寫實主義運動密切相關。他以故意客觀的方式描繪了他非常詳細的漢堡架，皮卡車和加利福尼亞銀行的繪畫作品。
Goings出生於加利福尼亞州康寧的一個工人階級家庭，並在大蕭條時期長大。他在一所新生高中的藝術課上接觸了藝術和繪畫，並受到他在當地圖書館發現倫勃朗的啟發。他的阿姨鼓勵他畫畫，並給他買書和教材。他開始使用當地五金商店的油漆進行繪畫，並且在畫布無法使用時開始使用舊床單。
在軍隊服役後，他加入了位於加利福尼亞州薩利納斯的哈特內爾學院，並接受並鼓勵他參加由當時在哈特內爾擔任藝術部門負責人的萊昂·艾米克斯（Leon Amyx）和一位知名畫家的藝術學校。 Goings在加州奧克蘭藝術和工藝學院學習藝術。在加利福尼亞藝術學院學習期間，他和其他藝術家包括Robert Bechtle和Richard Mclean以及包括Nathan Oliveira在內的其他藝術家一起學習。他於1965年從薩克拉門托州立學院獲得繪畫藝術碩士學位。
他受到了韋恩蒂博德，約翰內斯維米爾，托馬斯埃金斯等藝術家的啟發。在對當時流行藝術形象的質量徹底失望之後，他對寫實主義的興趣激起了他的影響，他認為如果有東西代表了一個物體，那麼為什麼不盡可能地使它與照片近似。
歌因與Robert Bechtle，Robert Cottingham，Audrey Flack，Don Eddy和Richard Estes一起定義了Photorealist運動。
“在1963年，我想再次開始繪畫，但我決定我不會去做抽象的照片。”我想到我應該盡可能地走到對面。 ......對我來說，投射和追踪照片而不是徒手複製照片會更令人震驚。從字面上複製照片被認為是一件壞事。它違背了我所有的藝術學校培訓......有些人對我所做的事感到不滿，並說'這不是藝術，它不可能是藝術'。這給了我一種不正常的鼓勵，因為我很高興能夠做一些讓人難以接受的事情......我非常有趣......“（編輯引用來自實際工作者）