Barbarano Archaeological sites in Italy

Описание: Ancient Etruscan civilization. Necropolis of Barbarano San Giuliano, Viterbo, Italy.The Necropolis of Barbarano is situated in San Giuliano close to Barbarano Romano and lies right on the regional natural park of Marturanum.
The area is surrounded by three streams (Nemo, Chiusa Cima e Biedano) that create a sort of little gorges. The Necropolis is probably protected and well preserved thankfully to the bad conditions to reach it. Tombs and vegetation are unspoiled making this place unique. The immense funeral monuments are excavated in tuff walls and look as part of the forest, like nature itself has built them.
There is the Cima’s Tumulus (Tumulo Cima) with different funeral chambers that originally had a distinguishing funeral obelisk which today is preserved at the Museo Archeologico di Barbarano. There is the Cuccumella Tumulus; other tombs such as the Costa’s Tomb (Tomba Costa) typical for its half-cube architecture with two fictitious doors; Geminis’ Tomb (Tomba Gemini) that includes two tombs with sided entrances; Rosi’s Tomb (Tomba Rosi) with its characteristic cube structure; The Queen’s Tomb (Tomba della Regina), another half-cube monument that is ten meters high whose top, where rituals used to take place, is reachable walking on the stairs carved in the tuff; Portico’s Tombs (Tombe a Portico) are excavated in the tuff walls; The Beds’ Tomb (Tomba dei Letti).
Finally one of the most famous tomb of the Necropolis of Barbarano, The Deer’s Tomb (Tomba del Cervo, is an half-cubed structure that goes by this name because of a bas-relief representation on the tuff wall showing the fight between a Deer and a Wolf. Research demonstrated that the relief goes-back to the IV century BC while the Etruscans (presumably the Deer) were fighting against the Romans (the Wolf).
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According to Dionysius the Etruscans called themselves Rasenna (Greek Ῥασέννα), a stem from the Etruscan Rasna (𐌛𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀), the people. Evidence of inscriptions as Tular Rasnal (𐌕𐌖𐌋𐌀𐌛 𐌛𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌋), "boundary of the people", or Mechlum Rasnal (𐌌𐌄𐌙𐌋 𐌛𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌋). "community of the people", attest to its autonym usage. The Tyrsenian etymology however remains unknown. In Attic Greek, the Etruscans were known as Tyrrhenians (Τυρρηνοί, Tyrrhēnoi, earlier Τυρσηνοί Tyrsēnoi),from which the Romans derived the names Tyrrhēnī, Tyrrhēnia (Etruria), and Mare Tyrrhēnum (Tyrrhenian Sea). The ancient Romans referred to the Etruscans as the Tuscī or Etruscī (singular Tuscus). The Etruscan civilization (/ɪˈtrʌskən/ ih-TRUS-kən) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered, at its greatest extent, roughly what is now Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio, as well as what are now the Po Valley, Emilia-Romagna, south-eastern Lombardy, southern Veneto, and western Campania.
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Scientists assume that the original homeland of the Etruscans is the island of Lemnos. Then after the eruption of the volcano Santorini migrated to the Middle East together with the invasion of the Sea Peoples (and they were part of those tribes in 1200 BC). Then they migrated first to the Pelopolons, and then to Italy. Their fleet was engaged in piracy for some time. APPROXIMATELY IN THE 9-8 CENTURY BC THEY WERE ALREADY IN ITALY.
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