Real Images Of What Nasa Discovered On Jupiter`s Moons ( Ganymede, Europa, Callisto, Io)

Описание: Real Images of what NASA found on Ganymede

Ganymede has an albedo of about 43%, meaning that it can reflect back to us the 43% of the total solar radiation hitting on its surface. 
Also, as they were suspecting from density measurements when astronomers studied Ganymede by means of the Near-Infrared spectroscopy, they found strong water ice absorption bands, thus confirming the presence of water ice on Ganymede. 
However, the leading Hemisphere is brighter than the trailing one, and this is probably due to the presence of extended ice caps in the leading hemisphere, while the trailing one seems to be enriched in sulfur dioxide. 
Talking about its internal structure, here's how Ganymede appears to be..

Real Images of what NASA found on freckled moon Europa

Jupiter's moon Europa is beautiful.
Have you ever seen it? 
Here it is. 
This is not an artist concept, this isn't an illustration. 
This amazing picture is showing the fascinating surface of Jupiter's icy moon as seen by the Galileo orbiter, in the 1990s. 
This is the colour view of Europa that shows the largest portion of the moon's surface at the highest resolution. 

t was only in 1979, with the advent of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 flybys, that the real breakthrough happened. 

The two spacecraft, which aim was to exit the solar system, passed close to the moon, and imaged more than half of the Calistoan surface, with a resolution of 1-2 km. 
They also measured mass, temperature and shape. 

The first-ever spacecraft to pass by Io were the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes. 
It was a cold December 1973 here on Earth.
With the help of a radio-tracking technology, Pioneer helped us to estimate the moon's mass, which, along with the best available information of its size, suggested the composition of mainly silicate rock rather than water ice. 

But another interesting feature was the presence of a thin atmosphere and intense radiation belts near Io's orbit. Here's the Pioneer 11 picture from that mission. 

It is showed the north polar region of Io. 
This is the only Pioneer image, taken by Pioneer 11, of Io of any quality. The quality is not the best, but it shows some albedo features. 
Close up images were also planned during pioneer 10's encounter, but those were unfortunately lost because of the high radiation environment. 


This picture of Callisto was taken by Voyager 1 Tuesday, March 6, 1979, during its approach to Jupiter's outer large satellite. The spacecraft was 350,000 kilometres from Callisto at the time and shows features about 7 kilometres across the surface.

Real Images of Io


It is showed the north polar region of Io. 
This is the only Pioneer image, taken by Pioneer 11, of Io of any quality. The quality is not the best, but it shows some albedo features. 
Close up images were also planned during pioneer 10's encounter, but those were unfortunately lost because of the high radiation environment. 


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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com
Credits: Nasa/Shutterstock/Storyblocks/Elon Musk/SpaceX/ESA/ESO/ Flickr

Video Chapters:
00:00 Ganymede
06:23 Europa
15:15 Callisto
19:08 Io

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