Ideological Differences Between America and the Soviet Union | Cold War Era Propaganda Film | 1961

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This 1961 documentary – originally titled as "The Challenge of Ideas" – is a Cold War era American propaganda film produced by the U.S. Army Pictorial Center and presented by the U.S. Department of Defense. The movie was intended to educate service members about the basics of the Cold War, though it may have been shown to the general public as well.

The film analyzes basic ideological differences between the Free World, led by the United States and the Communist Bloc, led by the Soviet Union. It describes objectives and techniques used by the Soviets to influence the peoples of the world. The movie depicts the ideological struggle that America confronted, a struggle that was being fought not on the battlefield but through the words of diplomats, gestures of friendship, cultural demonstrations, foreign aid and military power. It also explains why American democracy and free market capitalism are superior to other forms of government.

The film is introduced by Edward R. Murrow, the former CBS journalist who in January 1961 became head of the U.S. Information Agency. A motley assortment of celebrities and news-media figures, such as John Wayne, Hanson W. Baldwin, Frank McGee, Lowell Thomas and Helen Hayes also appear at various points to discuss the polarization of politics between the Western Allies of the United States and the Soviet Bloc, pointing out the need for vigilance and action to protect democracy in the U.S. and abroad.

This film does have a great deal of historical interest, though, as a portrait of what the American government wanted its citizens to believe about the Cold War in the early 60s.


HISTORICAL BACKGROUND / CONTEXT

Core ideological differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War (1947–1991):

The United States and Soviet Union had two completely different forms of government; the United States, democratic, and the Soviet Union, communist/totalitarianism. The U.S. was completely against the idea of totalitarianism because the United States felt like it violated the most basic human right and went against everything the United States stood for, and the Soviet Union was against the idea of democracy because they believed it was hypocritical to promote democracy and still have economic inequality.

The U.S. also supported the idea of freedom, which was their number one ideal and the United States believed that freedom was at the core of a happy, productive society, while the Soviets believed that freedom wasn't possible if there was poverty.

And while both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. believed in equality, they believed in it in different ways; Soviets supported equality in the sense of condition, and the United States believed in the idea of equality to the extent of law and opportunity. The U.S. didn't necessarily believe in equal conditions for all because it would undermine work ethic.

The United States was also big on the idea of individualism, believing that it was human nature and that people are naturally driven to do things that benefit themselves. The Soviets believed that individualism was a result of inequality and instead of believing in being "humans by nature," they were convinced that we are a "community by nature." While the United States continued to support individualism, the Soviets believed in collectivism, which backed up their belief that we are a "community by nature." They also felt it was the necessary response to capitalism's inequality.

And lastly, they both believed in different types of economies: capitalism (United States) and socialism (Soviet Union). The United States strongly believed in their economic system of capitalism, convinced that it was the best economic system and that the competition involved in capitalism would make everyone better and benefit society as a whole, while the Soviet Union's view was there was too many losers with capitalism and rich would always end up taking advantage of the poor. They also believed that a healthy society did not compete.


Ideological Differences Between America and the Soviet Union | Cold War Era Propaganda Film | 1961

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NOTE: THE VIDEO DOCUMENTS HISTORICAL EVENTS. SINCE IT WAS PRODUCED DECADES AGO, IT HAS HISTORICAL VALUES AND CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A VALUABLE HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. THE VIDEO HAS BEEN UPLOADED WITH EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. ITS TOPIC IS REPRESENTED WITHIN HISTORICAL CONTEXT. THE VIDEO DOES NOT CONTAIN SENSITIVE SCENES AT ALL!