Fear avoidance model | How to treat the complex pain?

Описание: According to the biopsychosocial perspective, chronic pain is the result of a complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors. The biopsychosocial model provides an optimal framework for conceptualizing pain-related disability because it integrates both medical and psychosocial models. Whereas the medical model views disability as a direct result of disease processes that require treatment or intervention, the psychosocial model posits that environmental (e.g., social, political, physical environment) and individual (e.g., cognitive and affective processes) factors influence the experience of disability. Taken together, a biopsychosocial perspective on disability considers changes to body structure and function (e.g., injury, disease), personal factors (e.g., age, gender), activity limitations (e.g., difficulty executing physical tasks), and participation restrictions (e.g., problems maintaining participation in daily activities).

Pain-related disability encompasses a variety of domains including physical, occupational, recreational, and social functioning. Self-report measures of pain-related disability typically assess pain-related interference with self-care behaviors and family/home responsibilities, physical activity and movement, sleep, sexual activity, recreation, occupation, and social activities. Although not included in all measures, pain intensity and mood ratings may also be considered when assessing pain-related disability. For example, recent approaches to conceptualizing chronic pain severity have taken into account the magnitude and frequency of both pain intensity and pain-related interference. Thus, application of the biopsychosocial model necessitates consideration of a wide range of factors that may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain and disability.