Rice irrigation management from Panicle initiation to heading stage( ਨਿਸਾਰੇ ਤੋ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਬੰਧਨ)

Описание: Paddy crop is strongly influenced by water supply. Water should be kept standing in the field throughout the growth period. In water scarcity areas, saturated soil in a chemical reduced stage is desirable. The characteristics of flooded soil which are conducive to high yields are: (i) greater availability of nutrients such as phosphorus, iron and manganese, (ii) suppression of weed competition, (iii) elimination of moisture stress as a limiting factor, (iv) micro-climate favourable to crop production.

Excess / limited / no water leads to reduction in yield.
Rice a semi - aquatic plant requires near submergence
Submergence helps in - suppressing weed growth and more availability of certain nutrients
Daily consumptive use of rice is 6 - 10mm
Total water requirement of rice is 1200 - 1400 mm
2000 - 3000 litres of water required to produced 1kg of rice
Highly saline and brakish water not good for irrigation
Application of FYM or incorporation of green manures reduce adverse effects of excess salts
Application of FYM or compost or green manures increases water holding capacity of light textured soils and thus saving of water
Thorough puddling creates impermeable layer which reduces deep percolation losses
Perfect leveling maintains uniform depth of water throughout field
Maintenance of water depths in field as recommended for high water use efficiency and yield
Drain the field gradually to Saturation Withdraw water 12 days before Harvesting

Drain the field to saturated stage before top dressing with N and reflood next day to reduce N - loss.

Critical Stages of Water requirement

Critical stage refers to a stage when water scarcity or deficit of water causes comparatively greater reduction in yields which cannot be made by favourable water supply at earlier or later stages. Hence, water deficit during these stages should be avoided. Following are the important critical crop growth stages for water stress.

(a) Tillering
(b) Panicle initiation
(c) Boot leaf stage
(d) Heading/ panicle emergence
(f) Flowering/anthesis (Reproductive phase)

During these stages, soil moisture level should be maintained at saturation level

Moisture stress at active tillering phase - 30% yield reduction
Moisture stress at reproductive phase - 50 - 60% yield reduction