Gun Shot Residue (GSR) | Collection of GSR | Ballistics

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Gunshot residue (GSR), also known as cartridge discharge residue (CDR), "gunfire residue" (GFR), or firearm discharge residue (FDR), is residue deposited on the hands and clothes of someone who discharges a firearm. It is principally composed of burnt and unburnt particles from the explosive primer, the propellant—and possibly fragments of the bullet, cartridge case, and the firearm.

Law enforcement investigators test the clothing and skin of people for gunshot residue to determine if they were near a gun when it discharged. Gunshot residue can travel over 3–5 feet (0.9–1.5 meters) from the gun. At the farthest distance, only a few trace particles may be present.

Gunshot residue is formed when a weapon is fired and the vapors that are released from the primer solidify into particles that become attached to people or objects either through impact or fallout.

Different factors affect the quantity and quality of gunshot residue such as the type of gun, caliber, bullet, the burn rate of the powder, environmental conditions, and when the residue is released in relation to when the bullet is fired.

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