Spectrum Modern India |Rajiv Ahir |Chapter 10-11| Beginning Modern Nationalism & INC- Moderate Phase

Описание: Video Title
Indian National Congress: Safety Valve or Lightning Conductor? | Spectrum Modern History Chapter 11 | UPSC CSE
Video Description
In this lecture, we decode Chapter 11 of Rajiv Ahir’s Spectrum Modern India, focusing on the foundation of the Indian National Congress and the Moderate Phase of the freedom struggle,. This session is essential for UPSC aspirants to understand the early political dynamics and the economic critique of British rule.
Key topics covered in this lecture:
• Analyze the circumstances led by A.O. Hume that resulted in the first session of the Indian National Congress in Bombay in 1885.
• Debate the controversial Safety Valve Theory proposed by Lala Lajpat Rai versus the Lightning Conductor Theory supported by modern historians like Bipan Chandra,.
• Understand the objectives of early nationalists, such as developing national unity and formulating popular demands to present before the government,.
• Examine the methodology of the Moderates, who believed in constitutional agitation and the slow but orderly political progress within the confines of the law.
• Review the critical contributions of leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and R.C. Dutt, specifically their Economic Critique of British Imperialism and the Drain Theory.
• Evaluate the achievements of the early nationalists, including the expansion of councils through the Indian Councils Act of 1892,.
• Discuss the limitations of the Moderate Phase, such as the failure to widen the democratic base and the lack of mass participation,.
• Trace the changing attitude of the British Government, from Lord Dufferin calling Congress a factory of sedition to Lord Curzon’s desire to assist in its demise.
• Understand why the Moderate methods of prayer, petition, and protest failed to satisfy younger nationalists and how this led to the rise of Extremist ideology.
• Analyze the true reasons behind the rise of militant nationalism, including the impact of international events like Japan's victory over Russia which demolished the myth of European invincibility.
• Master the details of the Partition of Bengal (1905), Lord Curzon's divide and rule policy, and the massive anti-partition campaign that birthed the Swadeshi Movement.
• Learn about the new forms of struggle introduced during this era, such as the boycott of foreign goods, public bonfires of foreign cloth, and the emphasis on Atma Shakti or self-reliance.
• Explore the cultural impact of the movement, from the composition of Amar Sonar Bangla by Rabindranath Tagore to the revival of Indian art and science.
• Decode the ideological clash between Moderates and Extremists that made the 1907 Surat Split inevitable and left the Congress dominated by Moderates who were eventually isolated.
• Examine the government strategy of repression-conciliation-suppression used to divide the nationalist ranks through the carrot and stick policy.
• Critically evaluate the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 and how the introduction of separate electorates sowed the seeds of communal division in Indian politics.
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