Sound Change - Phonological Rules, Rule Orders & Relative Chronology (part 5 of 5)

Описание: How do sounds change over time in language? This series explores the basics of phonological change in the history of world languages.

The last four videos in this series introduced a litany of sound change types. This video ties those changes together with an exploration of how linguists represent any sound change - as a phonological rule.

Phonological rules state how sounds change in a language. They list the sound that changes, the sound it turns into, and the environment in which that change takes place. For example:
s → z / V_V
(/s/ becomes [z] between two vowels)

"Sound law" (also "sound shift") is a traditional term for a rule or group of rules that applied in the history of a given language or language family. Specific laws are given a proper name, like Grimm's Law or Katupha's Law.

The order of rules also matters. We can establish a relative chronology if we manage to establish that one rule must have taken place before another.

This lesson covers four rule orders:
Feeding order
Counterfeeding order
Bleeding order
Counterbleeding order

This series builds on previous material, specifically (1) nativlang's IPA lessons and (2) nativlang's historical linguistics lessons:
(1)    • IPA for Language Learning - Introduction t...  
(2)    • Intro to Historical Linguistics - how lang...  

Visit the website for a text version of these and other lessons:
http://www.nativlang.com/linguistics/...

music by Audionautix and Kevin MacLeod