💥NORCET Xpress Series – Day 1| Immune & Musculoskeletal Systems | Medical Surgical Nursing
Автор: GDC NURSING
Загружено: 2025-07-17
Просмотров: 160
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Get ready to master two of the most high-yield topics for NORCET — the Immune System and the Musculoskeletal System — in one focused, power-packed session! 💥
This special class is designed exclusively for NORCET aspirants who want a quick, clear, and concept-oriented revision of key topics that frequently appear in the exam. From immune responses and immunoglobulins to bones, joints, and muscle physiology — we've got you covered with easy explanations, important MCQs, and last-minute tips.
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🧠 What You’ll Learn:
✔️ Key concepts of Immunology & Musculoskeletal Anatomy
✔️ Memory tricks & exam shortcuts
✔️ High-yield MCQs for instant practice
✔️ Smart strategies to boost your NORCET score
The immune system defends the body against pathogens and foreign substances.
It is composed of organs, tissues, cells, and molecules.
Lymphoid organs include the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes.
The immune system is divided into innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the first line of defense and non-specific.
Components of innate immunity include skin, mucous membranes, and phagocytes.
Adaptive immunity is specific and includes B-cells and T-cells.
B-lymphocytes produce antibodies for humoral immunity.
T-lymphocytes mediate cellular immunity.
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) are classified as IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD.
IgG is the most abundant and crosses the placenta.
IgM is the first antibody produced in response to infection.
IgA is found in secretions like saliva, tears, and breast milk.
IgE is involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
IgD is found on B-cell surfaces and helps in activation.
The complement system enhances the immune response.
Inflammation is a hallmark of immune activation.
Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system attacks the body.
Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and type 1 diabetes.
The immune response is regulated by cytokines and interleukins.
Vaccines stimulate the adaptive immune system for long-term protection.
The musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments.
It provides structure, support, movement, and protection.
206 bones make up the adult human skeleton.
The skeletal system is divided into axial and appendicular skeletons.
Axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, and rib cage.
Appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles.
Joints are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Synovial joints allow free movement and include hinge and ball-and-socket joints.
Osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts break down bone.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells maintaining bone tissue.
Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health.
Muscle types include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary and striated.
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found only in the heart.
Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in internal organs.
Muscle contraction is regulated by actin, myosin, and ATP.
Neuromuscular junction is the site where nerves stimulate muscles.
Common musculoskeletal disorders include osteoporosis, arthritis, and fractures.
Rheumatoid arthritis is both a musculoskeletal and immune-related disease.
Physical therapy and exercise support musculoskeletal health.
Anti-inflammatory drugs help manage joint and muscle pain.
Immune suppressants are used in autoimmune conditions.
Nurses must understand both systems for holistic patient care.
Revision of these systems is crucial for NORCET 2025 success.
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💬 Got questions or need clarification? Drop them in the comments — We are always here to help and learn together.
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Team GDC Nursing
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