Boron family🔥❤️

Описание: Boron family🔥❤️#chemistery #p-block boron family #group 13 boron family #boron family #viral shorts #yt shorts#youtube shorts

The Boron Family (Group 13) consists of five elements:

Boron (B)

Aluminum (Al)

Gallium (Ga)

Indium (In)

Thallium (Tl)

General Characteristics of the Boron Family:

Electronic Configuration: ns² np¹

Oxidation States: +3 is common; Tl also shows +1 due to the inert pair effect.

Metallic & Non-Metallic Nature:

Boron is a metalloid (hard, brittle, non-conductive).

Al, Ga, In, Tl are metals (good conductors, soft).

Density Trend: Increases down the group.

Melting & Boiling Points:

Boron has a very high melting point due to its strong covalent network.

Gallium has a low melting point (about 30°C).

Electronegativity: Decreases down the group.

Ionic/Covalent Character: Boron forms covalent compounds, while others form ionic compounds.

Chemical Properties:

Reaction with Oxygen: Forms oxides (B₂O₃, Al₂O₃, etc.).

Reaction with Acids & Bases:

Amphoteric behavior in Al₂O₃.

Reaction with Halogens: Forms trihalides (BX₃, AlX₃, etc.).

Complex Formation: BF₃ and AlCl₃ act as Lewis acids.

Important Compounds:

Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O)

Orthoboric Acid (H₃BO₃)

Alum (K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O)

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) – used in semiconductors

Trends and Tricks to Remember:

"Bagit" → B (Boron), A (Aluminum), G (Gallium), I (Indium), T (Thallium).

Boron is the only non-metal, Al is most abundant, Ga has low melting point, Tl shows +1 oxidation state.

Would you like detailed NCERT notes or a PDF? Let me know how I can help further!