2. WHAT ARE CLIPPER CIRCUITS | SERIES AND PARALLEL CLIPPERS | AC ANALYSIS ELECTRONICS | RABIA BABER

Описание: Clipper (Limiter)
A clipper circuit cuts off (clips) part of an input signal when it goes above or below a set level.
• If the signal becomes too high, the clipper can remove the top part of the waveform.
• If the signal becomes too low, it can remove the bottom part.
• Some clippers can clip both the positive and negative sides.
Why it’s used
• To protect circuits from high voltage spikes
• To limit the output to a safe level
• In signal processing (making wave shapes closer to square/flat-topped)
Types (simple idea)
• Positive clipper: clips the positive part
• Negative clipper: clips the negative part
• Bi-directional clipper: clips both sides
Clamper (DC Restorer)
A clamper circuit does not cut the waveform. Instead, it shifts the whole waveform up or down by adding a DC level.
So the shape stays the same, but its position changes.
• It can move the waveform upward so the lowest point touches a reference level.
• Or move it downward so the highest point touches a reference level.
Why it’s used
• To set a signal around a desired level (baseline shifting)
• In TV/video and communication systems to restore DC level
• To make a waveform suitable for the next stage of a circuit
Types (simple idea)
• Positive clamper: shifts waveform up
• Negative clamper: shifts waveform down
Super simple difference
• Clipper = cuts the peaks (limits amplitude).
• Clamper = shifts the whole waveform (changes DC level), without cutting.
1) Unbiased Clippers (0V reference)
These clippers cut the waveform at 0V level (no extra DC battery/source is used).
A) Unbiased Positive Clipper
• Clips the positive half of the input.
• Output keeps mostly the negative portion (positive part removed).
B) Unbiased Negative Clipper
• Clips the negative half of the input.
• Output keeps mostly the positive portion (negative part removed).
C) Unbiased Two-sided (Double) Clipper
• Clips both positive and negative halves.
• Output is limited on both sides (both peaks reduced/removed).
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2) Biased Clippers (clip at a chosen level)
These clippers use a DC bias (battery/source/reference) so clipping happens at a specific voltage level, not necessarily 0V.
A) Biased Positive Clipper
• Clips the positive part but only after the signal crosses a set positive level.
• So output positive peaks are limited above that chosen level.
B) Biased Negative Clipper
• Clips the negative part but only after the signal crosses a set negative level.
• So output negative peaks are limited below that chosen level.
C) Biased Two-sided (Biased Double Clipper)
• Uses two clipping levels:
o one for positive side
o one for negative side
• So output stays between two set limits.
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3) By connection style (common names in books)
A) Series Clipper
• Diode is in series with the load.
• When diode is OFF → output gets cut/blocked.
B) Shunt (Parallel) Clipper
• Diode is in parallel with the load.
• When diode is ON → it diverts part of signal away, causing clipping.
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One-line difference
• Unbiased clipper: clips at 0V.
• Biased clipper: clips at a chosen level (set by bias).
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