COMPTON'S EFFECT | Physics 12 | Ch 21 QUANTUM PHYSICS | FBISE | NBF | Lec 3

Описание: COMPTON'S EFFECT | Physics 12 | Ch 21 QUANTUM PHYSICS | Lecture 3 | National Book Foundation | Federal Board
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In this lecture of *Chapter 21: Quantum Physics (Physics 12, FBISE, National Book Foundation)* we study **Compton’s Effect**, discovered by Arthur H. Compton in 1923.

👉 *Key Concepts Covered:*
*Definition:* Compton’s Effect is the increase in wavelength (Compton shift) of X-rays or gamma rays after scattering from electrons.
*Experiment:* A beam of X-rays with wavelength λ is directed at graphite. Scattered X-rays show longer wavelength λ’, proving photon–electron interaction.
*Photon as Particle:* Compton explained that photons behave like particles. When a photon collides with an electron at rest, it transfers **energy & momentum**, similar to billiard balls.
*Energy Conservation:* hf = K.E + hf’
*Momentum Conservation:* p = p₀ + p’
*Photon Momentum:* p = h/λ
*Compton’s Equation:* Δλ = (h/mc)(1 – cosθ)
*Compton Wavelength:* h/mc = 0.00243 nm, a constant.
*Key Point:* The shift Δλ depends only on scattering angle θ, not on the wavelength of incident photons or the material.

👉 *Importance:* Compton’s experiment confirmed the **particle nature of light**, supported **Einstein’s photon theory**, and became a cornerstone of **Quantum Physics**.

This lecture explains *Compton’s experiment, equations, photon momentum, conservation laws, and significance* for Class 12 Physics students preparing for board exams.

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#ComptonsEffect #QuantumPhysics #Physics12 #ModernPhysics #FBISE #NationalBookFoundation #PhotonTheory #Xrays #Class12Physics #BoardExamPreparation #SirAnjumTeaches


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