Technologies Discussion

Power Divider #5. T-Junction Resistive Power Divider – Why Half the Power is Lost in Resistors?

Tx Line #1. Key Difference Between Transmission Line Theory & Circuit Theory is Electrical Size!

Antenna #20. How to Derive Friis Transmission Equation & Apply it to Calculate Receiver Power (Pr).

Microwave #2. Struggling with Maxwell's Equations? (Gauss, Faraday, Ampère Laws) Explained Simply!

ZigBee #1. How This Global Standard Power Smart Applications with Low Cost, Long Battery Life & More

Multiple Access #2. MA Vs Multiplexing: How Network Shares Limited Resources with Multiple Users.

Multiple Access #1. Simplex, Half Duplex & Full Duplex | Cost vs Complexity for Transmission Modes.

S-Parameters #5. Is Your Network Reciprocal & Lossless? How to Find the Input Return Loss Explained.

S-Parameters #4. Why Voltage & Current Fail in RF / Microwave. Power Waves & Normalization Explained

Impedance Matching #3. L-Section Design: Easy RF Matching with Lumped Elements Inductor & Capacitor.

Antenna #19. How to Proof Maximum Directivity & Effective Area Relationship (Derivation + Equation)

Impedance Matching #1. Maximum Power Transfer Explained: Compare Matched vs Mismatched (Reflected).

EMC #72. EFT/Burst Test (IEC/EN61000-4-4) Setup, Configuration & How to Select Test Level Explained!

EMC #20. How to Calculate Wave Impedance in Air & Characteristic Impedance (Shielding) – Easy Guide!

Amplitude Modulation #1. How Modulating (Data) & Carrier Signal Combine to Form Modulated Signal.

Digital Modulation #7. Types of Constellation Diagram Errors: Quadrature, IQ Imbalance & IQ Offset.

EMC #71. Electrical Fast Transient (EFT) / Burst (IEC 61000-4-4): High-Frequency Pulse Immunity Test

Antenna #18. Reciprocity Explained: Conditions When Interchangeability Transmit & Receive Antenna.

Microwave #4. Wire Equivalent Circuit Explained (Series R & L) – Low Vs High Freq Derivation.

Microwave #3. Why High Freq Tends to Radiate? Skin Effect: Current Flow on Surface but NOT Center!

Microwave #1. Why is Everyone Moving to Microwave Freq? Faster Data, Smaller Size & Less Congestion.

Digital Modulation #6. QAM Explained – How Quadrature Amplitude Modulation INCREASE Your Data Speed!

S/N Ratio #2. Identify the Internal & External Noises in Communication System to Boost the SNR!

S/N Ratio #1. Why Higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Means Better Communication Signal Quality.

S-Parameters #3. How to Obtain Scattering Matrix (S11, S12, S21, S22) from DUT / Microwave Circuit.

Digital Modulation #5. How Higher M-ary Levels QPSK, 8PSK INCREASE Data Speed & Bandwidth Efficiency

S-Parameters #2. Why You MUST Terminate Unused 50Ω Port (Avoid Reflection Error) During Measurement.

Filter Design #17. How to Design LowPass Filter from Lumped (L&C) to Disturbed Elements (Microstrip)

Filter Design #7. Response Types: Bessel (Gentle Slope), Butterworth, Chebyshev & Elliptic (Ripple).

Filter Design #3. Parameters: What is Insertion Loss, Return Loss, VSWR, Phase Shift & Group Delay.